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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bohr. Amr.</journal-id>
<journal-title>BOHR International Journal of Advances in Management Research</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Bohr. Amr.</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2583-6943</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>BOHR</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54646/bijamr.2026.46</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case study</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Effectiveness of Labor Management at Master Plannery, Puttur- A Case Study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name><surname>Pai</surname> <given-names>A. Reshma</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c001"><sup>&#x002A;</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn002"><sup>&#x2020;</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Jeevitha</surname> <given-names>B. V.</given-names></name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Shinde</surname> <given-names>Robin Manohar</given-names></name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff><institution>Department of MBA, Vivekananda College of Engineering and Technology</institution>, <addr-line>Puttur</addr-line>, <country>India</country></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c001">&#x002A;Correspondence: A. Reshma Pai, <email>reshmavivekpai@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p><bold><sup>&#x2020;</sup>ORCID:</bold> A. Reshma Pai <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9229-8389">0009-0005-9229-8389</ext-link></p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>02</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>06</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2026 Reshma Pai, Jeevitha and Shinde.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Reshma Pai, Jeevitha and Shinde</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><p>&#x00A9; The Author(s). 2024 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</p></license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>This article focuses on the effectiveness of labor management at Master Plannery, Puttur, a company that focuses on labor-centricity, which uses the strategy to specialize in housing and commercial projects. The effectiveness of the current labor management strategies was examined through a study. Through questionnaires and observation techniques, 100 workers provided data for the study, and information was gathered from the business during business hours. These variables are used to collect data on how employees are treated, politely recognized, the benefits and facilities offered to employees, training and motivation, the company&#x2019;s handling of complaints, and policies pertaining to the health and welfare of employees. The analysis method incorporates both tabular and graphical representations and tests hypotheses using chi-square analysis. The results of the study showed how effective the labor management was.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>labor management</kwd>
<kwd>effectiveness</kwd>
<kwd>construction firm</kwd>
<kwd>benefits</kwd>
<kwd>performance</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="27"/>
<table-count count="28"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="17"/>
<page-count count="10"/>
<word-count count="4103"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="S1" sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>One of the most important components of an organization&#x2019;s factors of production is labor. It is impossible to overestimate the significance of human participation in any cooperative endeavor; it must be given top emphasis. Any organization needs people, or human beings, in addition to money or tangible resources in order to operate efficiently. The collective knowledge, abilities, inventiveness, and acceptance that propel organizational achievement for sustainable development are represented by human resources (HR), which are more than just financial inputs.</p>
<p>For an organization to succeed, its employees are essential. The relationship between workers and the company is the main emphasis of labor management, which is crucial for managing staff members who also make organizational decisions. Long-term trust, motivation, and productivity are developed through this relationship. Human input is still necessary to produce goods and services and meet the requirements and desires of customers, regardless of how sophisticated the machinery or technology is. Additionally, bringing male and female employees together in harmony is the main objective of labor management, which promotes diversity and teamwork to increase production.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Review of literature</title>
<p>Ahmed A. Zaid, Ayham A. M. Jaaron, and Abdul Talib Bon (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>) investigated that sustainable performance affected supply chain management, which was their main aim. Hannele Seeck and Marjo-Riitta Diehl (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>) conducted a study that was investigated over 25 years, examining the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) and innovation. HRM practices influenced innovation.</p>
<p>Annan Bos-Nehles, Maarten Renkema, and Maike Janssen (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>) identified that HRM practices can impact employees&#x2019; innovative work practices, but are not sure of which behavior it will influence.</p>
<p>The status of the knowledge-based economy requires effective knowledge management. Funmilola Olubunmi Omotayo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>), a major component of every business, is to confirm that a lasting strategic competitive advantage is effective knowledge management.</p>
<p>The study by J. O. Nwele, U. A. Akwana, and A. N. Ngene (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>) looked into labor management. Secondarysources to back up the claims. Enhancing government business development metrics and improving the connection between productivity and labor are the main objectives. In 2013, Pawan S. Budhwar and Yaw A. Debrah researched HRM practices in developing countries and their role in economic and organizational development. Rahul Raj and Kailash B. L. Srivastava (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>) learned about relationship innovativeness and HRM practices. Marina Dabi&#x00E6;, Marta Ortiz-De-UrBina-Criado, and Ana M. Romero-Mart&#x00ED;nez (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>) reviewed HRM in Start-ups, where the authors analyzed the current status of HRM in entrepreneurship.</p>
<p>Timothy D. Golden and John F. Veiga (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>) studied how the relationship of managers and employees affects virtual workers&#x2019; commitment, job satisfaction, and output. Even though their interactions are predicted to have an important influence on individual work outcomes, it has concentrated on outdated work modes. Gundars Kaupins (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>) explained the similarity in corporate governance and labor management.</p>
<p>According to David P. Lepak, Hui Liao, Yunhyung Chung, and Erika E. Harden (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>), the main feature that distinguishes strategic HRM research is its focus on HR systems rather than HR practices as the motive of individual and organizational performance. Claire Dambrin (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>) discussed in his study how telework affects the manager-employee relationship. Authors identified that workers work remotely, and decisions for their careers have decreased. There is less contact between the superior and the subordinates, and face bias. Howard Gospel and Andrew Pendleton (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>) review that there is a relationship between corporate governance, labor management, and the structure of finance of the company. Stephon Wood (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>) studied that there is high involvement of management practices that may better organizational performance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>).</p>
<p>Chris Brester, Olga Tregaski, Arine Hegewisch, and Lesley Mayne (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>) state that comparative HRM research is a relatively new topic. Their study is conceptual and methodological, which makes it more difficult than research directed at the nationwide level. It illustrated the real-world difficulties of conducting a survey and offered solutions from the Cranfield Network on European HRM as an example. Fredric M. Jablin (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>) examined superior-subordinate communication and identified various categories of communication patterns between superiors and subordinates. Budhwar and Debrah (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>) HRM Practices in developing countries and their contribution toward organizational growth and workforce management.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Research objectives</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>
<label>1.</label>
<p>To find the management&#x2019;s effectiveness in handling employees</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<label>2.</label>
<p>To analyse the dynamics of the superior-subordinate relationship</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<label>3.</label>
<p>To know the level of employee satisfaction</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<label>4.</label>
<p>To study the impact of labor management practices on employee performance</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Hypothesis</title>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><p>H<sub>0</sub>: No impact of Labor management practices on employee performance</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>H<sub>1</sub>: There is an impact of labor management practices on employee performance.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="S5">
<title>Data and methodology</title>
<p>Methods used in this research are a survey through a questionnaire. Secondary data is collected through business documents. The sample for the research is a staff of Master Plannery with a size of 100.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S6">
<title>Analysis and data interpretation</title>
<p>&#x002A;Factory-I &#x002A;Office-II</p>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref> show that there are more women than men.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T1">
<label>TABLE 1</label>
<caption><p>Showing gender ratio.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gender</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Male</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">27</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>48</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Female</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">55</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">73</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>52</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020)</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F1" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 1</label>
<caption><p>Showing gender ratio (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g001.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> As shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref> and further visualized in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>, out of the 75 responders from the factory, the majority of the organization&#x2019;s staff members are adults.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T2">
<label>TABLE 2</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee age group.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Age group</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>18&#x2013;25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25&#x2013;35</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>35&#x2013;45</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">27</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>45 and above</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">37</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">49</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>36</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F2" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 2</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee age group (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g002.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref> clearly illustrate that out of the 75 respondents in the factory, not all are skilled. Consequently, the number of graduates has increased, working in offices, and most factory responders have completed SSLC.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T3">
<label>TABLE 3</label>
<caption><p>Showing the educational background.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Qualification</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SSLC</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">66</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">88</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>PUC</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Graduation</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">16</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>64</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Post-graduation</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F3" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 3</label>
<caption><p>Showing the educational background (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g003.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Based on <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>, out of 100 respondents, the great majority of the companies&#x2019; employees have experience.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T4">
<label>TABLE 4</label>
<caption><p>Showing employees&#x2019; experience.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Experience</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>1&#x2013;5 years</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>5&#x2013;10</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>10&#x2013;15</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>15&#x2013;20</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">21</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">28</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20 and above</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">23</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">31</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F4" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 4</label>
<caption><p>Showing employees&#x2019; experience (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g004.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> <xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">Table 5</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref> show that individuals are treated well in the Organization.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T5">
<label>TABLE 5</label>
<caption><p>Showing behavior of the company towards individuals.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">73</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">97</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>60</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F5" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 5</label>
<caption><p>Showing behavior of the company towards individuals (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g005.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> According to <xref ref-type="table" rid="T6">Table 6</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figure 6</xref>, it is assumed that factory workers have prioritized equality for factory workers above office workers.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T6">
<label>TABLE 6</label>
<caption><p>Showing equitable treatment for workers.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">75</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>40</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>52</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F6" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 6</label>
<caption><p>Showing equitable treatment for workers (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g006.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> <xref ref-type="table" rid="T7">Table 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figure 7</xref> illustrate that most employees in factories and offices are happy in their jobs.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T7">
<label>TABLE 7</label>
<caption><p>Showing workers&#x2019; views on their jobs.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">II</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">16</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">63</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">84</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>60</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F7" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 7</label>
<caption><p>Showing workers&#x2019; view on their jobs (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g007.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> As a result, about 50% of workers in the office and factory have been recognized for their excellent work, which is clearly depicted in the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T8">Table 8</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figure 8</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T8">
<label>TABLE 8</label>
<caption><p>Showing recognition.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>44</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">71</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">14</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">95</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>56</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F8" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 8</label>
<caption><p>Showing recognition (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g008.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> It can be observed from the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T9">Table 9</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figure 9</xref>, workers in factories and offices are not very happy with their pay.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T9">
<label>TABLE 9</label>
<caption><p>Showing satisfaction with salary.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Respondents</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SA</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">63</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>80</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">24</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">32</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F9" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 9</label>
<caption><p>Showing satisfaction with salary (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g009.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Employee perceptions of the company&#x2019;s working environment are shown in the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T10">Table 10</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figure 10</xref>. The majority of workers in offices and factories are happy with their working conditions.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T10">
<label>TABLE 10</label>
<caption><p>Showing working environment.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(a) Very good</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">58</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">77</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(b) Good</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">21</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">23</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>84</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(c) Bad</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F10" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 10</label>
<caption><p>Showing working environment (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g010.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> It is evident that workers in factories are happier than those in offices, which is clearly depicted in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T11">Table 11</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Figure 11</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T11">
<label>TABLE 11</label>
<caption><p>Showing work schedule.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SA</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">66</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">88</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>68</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F11" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 11</label>
<caption><p>Showing work schedule (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g011.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Employee satisfaction with benefits like PF, ESI, uniforms, books, room facilities, etc., is displayed in the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T12">Table 12</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Figure 12</xref>. Workers in factories are happier than those in offices.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T12">
<label>TABLE 12</label>
<caption><p>Showing view about benefits.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Respondents</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">58</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">77</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SA</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">18</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">23</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>72</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F12" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 12</label>
<caption><p>Showing view about benefits (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g012.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> The Majority of workers are happy with the canteen; manufacturing workers are happier than office workers, which is clearly visible from the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T13">Table 13</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Figure 13</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T13">
<label>TABLE 13</label>
<caption><p>Showing about canteen facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Good</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">35</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">21</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>84</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Best</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">40</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">53</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Bad</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Very bad</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F13" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 13</label>
<caption><p>Showing about canteen facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g013.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> From <xref ref-type="table" rid="T14">Table 14</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">Figure 14</xref>, it is clear that 95% of manufacturing workers said their thoughts are considered at work; therefore, it is claimed that the opinions of manufacturing workers are given weight than those of office workers.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T14">
<label>TABLE 14</label>
<caption><p>Showing whether employees&#x2019; suggestions are considered or not.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">71</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">14</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">95</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>56</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>40</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F14" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 14</label>
<caption><p>Showing whether employee suggestions are considered or not (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g014.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Everyone needs to train in order to perform. Here, 4% of manufacturing workers stated that training is necessary for their jobs, while 96% disagreed. Therefore, office workers believe they don&#x2019;t require additional training, but to advance efficiency, training must be provided, which is clearly visible in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T15">Table 15</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">Figure 15</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T15">
<label>TABLE 15</label>
<caption><p>Showing training program.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">72</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">96</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>40</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F15" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 15</label>
<caption><p>Showing training program (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g015.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> It may be concluded from the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T16">Table 16</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">Figure 16</xref> that the atmosphere of a factory is more inspiring than that of an office.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T16">
<label>TABLE 16</label>
<caption><p>Showing motivation at the workplace.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Y</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">64</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">85</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>48</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>40</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F16" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 16</label>
<caption><p>Showing motivation at the workplace (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g016.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> The operation of every organization depends on discipline. Employee satisfaction in factories is higher than in offices, which can be observed clearly through <xref ref-type="table" rid="T17">Table 17</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Figure 17</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T17">
<label>TABLE 17</label>
<caption><p>Showing discipline.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">46</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">61</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SA</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">29</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">39</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>52</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F17" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 17</label>
<caption><p>Showing discipline (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g017.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> In any organization, grievances are common. <xref ref-type="table" rid="T18">Table 18</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">Figure 18</xref> depict that all industrial workers (100%) report that their complaints are promptly resolved. Therefore, workers in factories are happier when their complaints are resolved than those in offices.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T18">
<label>TABLE 18</label>
<caption><p>Showing response towards employee problem.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(a) Quick</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">75</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">16</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>64</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(b) Slow</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(c) No response</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(d) Sometimes</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F18" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 18</label>
<caption><p>Showing response towards employee problem (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g018.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> From the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T19">Table 19</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">Figure 19</xref>, it is concluded that positive contact between the various sectors is reported by 100% of plant workers. Thus, it might be argued that manufacturing workers interact with one another and with their superiors to those of office workers.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T19">
<label>TABLE 19</label>
<caption><p>Showing contact among different sections.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(a) Interaction</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">75</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>60</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(b) No interaction</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(c) Rare interaction</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(d) Needs improvement</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F19" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 19</label>
<caption><p>Showing contact among different sections (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g019.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> As per <xref ref-type="table" rid="T20">Table 20</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">Figure 20</xref>, it is clear that 72% of manufacturing workers are happy with the vacations; as a result, workers in offices and factories are extremely happy with the holidays that the company offers.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T20">
<label>TABLE 20</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee holiday.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>8</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">54</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">72</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>68</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F20" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 20</label>
<caption><p>Showing employees&#x2019; holiday (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g020.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> 100% of manufacturing workers are extremely delighted by the facilities offered by the company, as indicated in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T21">Table 21</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F21">Figure 21</xref>. Therefore, the organization&#x2019;s water facility is a source of satisfaction for both office and industrial workers.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T21">
<label>TABLE 21</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on water facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">75</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">14</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>56</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">11</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>44</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F21" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 21</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on water facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0021.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> In the plant, 13% of workers are happy with the restrooms provided by the company, whereas 87% are extremely satisfied. As a result, workers in offices and factories are happy with the conservancy facility, which is clearly observed from <xref ref-type="table" rid="T22">Table 22</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">Figure 22</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T22">
<label>TABLE 22</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on conservancy facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">65</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">87</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>36</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>60</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F22" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 22</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on conservancy facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0022.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> It is evident from <xref ref-type="table" rid="T23">Table 23</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F23">Figure 23</xref> that both office and industrial workers are happy with the seating arrangement.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T23">
<label>TABLE 23</label>
<caption><p>Showing opinion about sitting facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">55</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">73</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">27</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>68</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F23" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 23</label>
<caption><p>Showing opinion about the sitting facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0023.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> As per <xref ref-type="table" rid="T24">Table 24</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F24">Figure 24</xref>, employees in the office and manufacturing are therefore happy with the lighting system.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T24">
<label>TABLE 24</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on lighting.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">55</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">73</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">27</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>68</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F24" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 24</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on lighting (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0024.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Three percent of workers at the factory are happy with the dustbins and basins. But the workers are dissatisfied with the organization&#x2019;s spittoon facilities, which are depicted in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T25">Table 25</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F25">Figure 25</xref>.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T25">
<label>TABLE 25</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on spittoon&#x2019;s facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>20</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">18</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">24</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">55</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">73</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>32</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>12</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F25" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 25</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on spittoon&#x2019;s facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0025.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> As per <xref ref-type="table" rid="T26">Table 26</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F26">Figure 26</xref>, employees in the office and factory are completely happy with the first-aid facilities.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T26">
<label>TABLE 26</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on first-aid facility.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>HS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">65</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">87</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sa</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">10</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">18</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>72</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>N</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>DS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>SDS</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F26" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 26</label>
<caption><p>Showing employee opinion on first-aid facility (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0026.tif"/>
</fig>
<p><bold>Interpretation:</bold> Employees of the office and factory have experience, as was previously mentioned. Therefore, it may be concluded that from the above <xref ref-type="table" rid="T27">Table 27</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F27">Figure 27</xref>, most factory workers have a pleasant workplace. In the workplace, it&#x2019;s also for personal fulfillment.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T27">
<label>TABLE 27</label>
<caption><p>Showing motive for service in the organization.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Options</td>
<td valign="top" colspan="2"/><td valign="top" align="center" colspan="2">Percentage</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>I</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>II</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(a) Salary</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(b) Interaction</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">12</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>0</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(c) Facilities</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>28</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(d) Environment</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">31</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">41</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>16</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>(e) Satisfaction</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">27</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>52</bold></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>75</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>25</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>100</bold></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<fig id="F27" position="float">
<label>FIGURE 27</label>
<caption><p>Showing motive for service in the organization (Source: Primary Data, 2020).</p></caption>
<graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff" xlink:href="bijamr-2026-46-g0027.tif"/>
</fig>

<sec id="S6.SS1">
<title>Hypothesis Testing Results</title>

<p>It is clear from <xref ref-type="table" rid="T28">Table 28</xref> that the anticipated value is 44; however, the table value is 9.488. According to the calculation, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is an impact.</p>
<table-wrap position="float" id="T28">
<label>TABLE 28</label>
<caption><p>Showing analysis of the chi-square test.</p></caption>
<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">SI. no.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Observed value</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Expected value</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">(O&#x2013;E)</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">(O&#x2013;E)<sup>2</sup></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">(O&#x2013;E)<sup>2</sup>/E</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>1</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">-19</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">361</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">18.05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>2</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">-11</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">121</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">6.05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>3</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">22</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">02</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>4</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">35</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">15</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">225</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">11.25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>5</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">33</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">169</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">8.45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><bold>Total</bold></td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">100</td>
<td/>
<td/>
<td valign="top" align="left">44</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Source: Primary Data (2020).</p><p>100/5 = 20</p><p>(O&#x2013;E) = (35&#x2013;20) =15</p><p>(O&#x2013;E)<sup>2</sup> = 15<sup>2</sup> = 225</p><p>(R&#x2013;1) (C&#x2013;1) = (5&#x2013;1) (1&#x2013;1) = 4 Estimated value = <bold><underline>44</underline></bold></p><p>Degree of freedom = 0.05</p><p>Table value = <bold><underline>9.488</underline></bold></p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="S7">
<title>Findings</title>
<p>It is a construction company focused on labor that has created an environment that is liked by the labor and employees and also shows respect toward the company. Owners are worshipped and have a sense of feeling of family. The company is supervised by different department supervisors. Workflow in the company is as follows: the report is submitted to managers by the workers and then to the owners. The place is diverse, as there are people from different places and states. And the company also considers disabilities. Meeting regularly is made mandatory to have good communication. Laborers are given rented homes with low rent and well-furnished homes. Allowances are given for long-distance traveling. Special initiatives like &#x201C;Anganvadi&#x201D; are taken for workers&#x2019; children. Master Plannery is awarded with &#x2018;Master Year Man&#x2019; for recognizing the staff&#x2019;s work. Gender equality is maintained, and through observation, it is seen that workers are quite efficient and creative.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S8" sec-type="conclusion">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>By assigning tasks according to credentials and expertise and imposing explicit regulations for efficiency, the organization can enhance its structure. By having an HR manager in the workplace, concerns are handled, and employee input can be taken through a suggestion box. By scheduling education, training professional development can be supported. The well-being of employees is increased through having separate restrooms, uniforms, and free medical care. These preventive actions can be taken to take care of workers. Bonds are energized by celebrating birthday parties and fostering picnics. There is a strong priority towards Master Plannery as it prioritizes staff wellbeing and employee satisfaction. By addressing the concerns that have been highlighted, labor management effectiveness can reach 100%.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<sec id="S9" sec-type="funding-information">
<title>Funding</title>
<p>This research was received no financial support.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S10">
<title>Conflict of interest</title>
<p>The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.</p>
</sec>
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