BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and bilateral simultaneous Adie’s pupil

2024-11-05T05:42:13+00:00

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an uncommon autoimmune inflammatory malady commonly accompanied by neurological, auditory, and integumentary signs. We report a case of a teenage girl who complained of persistently decreased vision for the last 15 days. There was no systemic association. After 2 weeks, the patient developed tonic pupils. The pupil showed a tonic response to a 0.125% pilocarpine eye drop. Upon examinations, the patient was diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and bilateral Adie’s pupil, which is a rare conditions associated with VKH disease. Early treatment is crucial for preserving vision.

Primary iris cyst and its surgical management: A case report

2024-11-28T07:13:50+00:00

Aim: The aim of this study was to show a case of primary iris cyst and its surgical management. Case report: A 5-year-old child reported to our clinic with distorted and blurred vision in the left eye. The anterior segment examination of the left eye showed an oval, brownish-colored cyst, located in the inferior mid-iris touching the corneal endothelium. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) revealed that the cyst expanded anteriorly and just touched the corneal endothelium, causing localized corneal edema. The B-scan USG of the posterior segment was normal. The iris cyst was surgically removed, and after a month, the excised area healed with a small area of iris atrophy, and the corneal edema resolved. The resolved cyst area showed localized iris atrophy, the cornea became clear, and vision improved with a regular, round pupil. No recurrence was reported in the 6 months following the surgery. Conclusion: Primary iris cysts can be managed surgically in the early stages without any devastating ocular complications.

Comparison of anticipation skills and reaction time in normal adults using a constructed anticipation timer

2023-11-28T01:44:17+00:00

Background: In the realm of sports, the ability to navigate accurately through a dynamic environment is an important factor for the coordination of speed and balance. Athletes engaged in sports that involve the swift movement of balls or targets, such as catching a baseball or hitting a tennis ball, rely on a complex interplay of perceptual abilities to succeed.

Purpose: Construction of a visual anticipation timer to assess and train the anticipatory skills and reaction time.

Methods: We conducted a prospective experimental study. Fifty-one subjects were recruited and informed consent was obtained. They underwent a comprehensive eye examination. We excluded subjects with the best corrected visual acuity worse than 6/6, N6, and those with ocular and systemic diseases. We constructed an anticipation timer with LED lights, push buttons, a resistor, and an Arduino board. The lights are placed vertically at a gap of 2.5cm. The participants were asked to anticipate a time when the last LED light would be on and press the button accordingly. The discrepancy between the “exact time” and the participants’ “anticipated time” was quantified as an error. We measured the error count for each participant before and after the training. The same anticipation task was given as training for 15 min. The participants were given a break of 5 min after the training session and before the post-training measurement.

Results: The mean age of the 51 participants was 18.51 ± 1.41 years. The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data were not normally distributed (W = 0.758; P < 0.001). We performed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to find the difference in error counts between pre- and post-training sessions. This showed a significant reduction in error count in the post-training values compared to pre-training values. (p = 0.002; z = −3.044). The mean error count for pre- and post-training sessions was 2.22 and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusion: The error counts have been significantly reduced in post-training sessions using a constructed anticipation timer. This study shows that repeated task of anticipation improves the accuracy of the anticipation. Anticipation training makes the person react faster and more accurately.

Future scope: The constructed instrument is planned for validating different professions and age groups to understand the importance of anticipation and its cognitive involvement.

Effect of correction of refractive error and threshold estimation in ocular headache patients in a tertiary eye care center

2024-03-15T11:21:56+00:00

Purpose: Headache is one of the most common symptoms in patients with refractive error. Our study aimed to find the effect of refractive error correction and estimate the threshold of refractive error in patients with ocular headaches in a tertiary eye care center.
Methods: We enrolled patients who came with complaints of headaches. It was a prospective, interventional study. All the patients underwent comprehensive ocular examination that included a detailed headache history, objective and subjective refraction, cycloplegic refraction, Humphrey visual fields test (30-2), cover test, and dilated fundus examination. We excluded uveitis, glaucoma, optic atrophy, papilledema, sinusitis, migraine, dental cavities, and neuropathy patients. We prescribed glasses after the post-mydriatic test. We surveyed via phone call regarding the compliance of spectacle wear and relief of headaches.
Results: Out of the 98 enrolled patients, 67 were female and 31 were male in the age group of 16 to 35. The patients had simple astigmatism (57.14%), simple myopia (15.30%), simple myopic astigmatism (23.46%), and hyperopia (9.18%). The threshold value of dioptric power was −1.25 D, −1.00 D, −0.75 DS/−0.75 DC, and +1.00 D for simple astigmatism, simple myopia, simple myopic astigmatism, and hyperopia, respectively. 86.73% recovered with glasses. Simple astigmatism had the highest recovery rate. Headaches frequently occurred in the frontal (44.89%), followed by temporal (32.65%), parietal (16.32%), occipital, and parietal (11.22%).
Conclusion: Lower degrees of refractive error caused the headache. We reported the threshold values of the refractive error that caused the ocular headache. Correcting the refractive error relieved the headache.