BOHR International Journal of Finance and Market Research

A Emerging markets and the International Monetary Fund: a Namibian case study of growth, reform, and institutional engagement

Hitewa Toivo Shikongo, Lifa Nobanda — Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The policy interface between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and emerging markets remains a critical site of scholarly debate, particularly for resource-rich, upper-middle-income countries characterized by severe structural inequalities. Namibia’s engagement with the Fund offers a critical case study to examine the tensions between standardized reform prescriptions and complex domestic socio-economic realities. This research interrogates the efficacy of IMF engagement in Namibia, evaluating the outcomes of its COVID-19 financing and subsequent scrutiny, diagnosing structural impediments to reform, and deriving comparative insights to inform policy in similar emerging markets. This in-depth qualitative case study employs systematic documentary analysis of primary IMF and national policy documents, complemented by a structured comparative analysis of historical IMF programs. The analysis reveals a dualistic outcome: the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) provided essential crisis mitigation, yet post-crisis surveillance exposes a fundamental tension between technically sound fiscal consolidation and Namibia’s entrenched structural constraints, including a high-unemployment equilibrium and vulnerability to commodity cycles. Comparative evidence confirms that these domestic structures critically mediate the effectiveness of external policy advice. The study concludes that the conditional efficacy of IMF programs hinges on strategic contextualization. For resource-rich emerging markets like Namibia, sustainable growth requires a hybrid pathway that integrates fiscal discipline with robust social protection and preemptive resource governance. This finding underscores a broader imperative for global financial governance: to accommodate policy heterodoxy in structurally complex economies, moving beyond one-size-fits-all prescriptions to enable more equitable and politically viable development trajectories.

Analyzing customer relationship management through cash recycling machine of Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC using TAM

Samira Binte-Saif — Mon, 03 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A prosperous organization is characterized by its adoption to new technologies and novelty in services and products because business rivalry requires inventiveness. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a method/process that improves communication allying the organization as well as clients/purchasers. CRM information is used to develop ideal products as well as attaining functional customer information in order that customer requirement and demands can be met easily. Besides To support the success of Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC, this research will inspect a CRM system using cash recycling machine (crm) to be applied to IBB PLC through merging it into the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is a type of replica that is capable of spelled out as well as realized for the purpose of influencing customers in the use of technology as an information system by using informational system variables. In this research the author showed that crm act as a strong tool of maintaining operational CRM of Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC.

Role of ride sharing app as a socio-technology platform and socio-economic development in Bangladesh using TAM and UTAUT

Samira-Binte-Saif — Sun, 05 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

“Sharing economy,” comprising car-sharing and ride-sharing, will swap our civilization and conveyance in the near time ahead. To efficiently launch ride-sharing service into our community, we need to ascertain the route and schedule of vehicles based on users’ activity. We also need to recognize how users’ activity patterns modify the performance of this sharing service, and we have to assess the social welfare of initiating ride-sharing service. The approach of socio-technology assists design strategies that consider human needs and technological capabilities. The purpose of this research is to inspect how the ride-sharing service would be a successful socio-technology platform and play a significant role on the socio-economic upgradation of Bangladesh. In this research, the author used the technology acceptance model and regression analysis in order to evaluate the significance of ride-sharing apps in the financial advancement of Bangladesh.

The impact of compliance on the ready-made garments sector in Bangladesh: a descriptive analysis

Afroza Akter — Sat, 13 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ensuring compliance within the ready-made garments (RMGs) sector is one of the primary concerns for international buyers and global institutions. Bangladesh’s RMG factories must enhance compliance within their workplaces to maintain a strong position in the global market. This research highlights the impact of compliance issues identified by international stakeholders on the working environment of the RMG industry in Bangladesh. The study employed an interview method along with a simple random sampling technique to gather information from 318 respondents in Dhaka City. Collected data were analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency distributions, and the research hypothesis was examined through the application of the chi-square test. The investigation’s outcomes indicate that factories adhering to compliance guidelines are more likely to uphold workers’ rights according to international labor standards, and their workplace environments are of higher quality than those of factories that are not compliant. After practical observation, it is clear that compliance has influenced the working environment of the RMG industry in Bangladesh, as the accidents that occurred in garment factories were a direct consequence of the inadequate working conditions in RMG factories. Following these incidents, international actors initiated several measures related to workers’ safety. Currently, the situation in both RMG factories is better than before. Although non-compliant RMG factories are still failing to protect workers’ safety rules properly, some rights have now been ensured that were previously unavailable. Therefore, matters related to the advancement of the RMG sector must be effectively addressed to ensure sustainability in the global market.

Rethinking financial sustainability for cultural and creative industries in the AI age: a theoretical model

Dany Dombou, Christian Jekinnou, Blick Bassy — Mon, 13 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acknowledging that the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) face enormous difficulties such as lack of physical substances for assets, volatile demand, and fragmented financing mechanisms, it is important to note that they have a central role in the global economy as they promote innovation, employment, and cultural diversity. The artificial intelligence (AI) upswing and digitalization modify value chains in a great way by disrupting traditional creative processes, revenue models, and regulatory frameworks. This paper aims at developing a theoretical model for financial sustainability as far as CCIs are concerned by integrating five key dimensions: (i) financial strength, (ii) digitalization, (iii) AI integration, (iv) governance quality, and (v) market adaptability. Our multiplicative resilience function demonstrates that deficiencies in any of these dimensions significantly increase sectoral fragility, reinforcing the need for a balanced and holistic approach. Using a systematic review of 53 academic and institutional sources, we identify emerging financial strategies—such as hybrid public-private financing, crowdfunding, and blockchain-based models—and assess their potential in mitigating CCIs’ economic vulnerabilities. Our findings highlight that AI-driven transformation can be an asset or a liability, depending on the strength of governance frameworks regulating intellectual property rights, platform monopolization, and ethical AI adoption. The proposed model provides a diagnostic and strategic tool for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders, offering a framework to enhance CCIs’ resilience in an era of rapid technological evolution.

The impact of marketing mix and TAM on purchase intention through point of sale machine arbitrated by attitude and social engineering

Samira Binte-Saif — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Bangladesh, 57% respondents reported an increase of 20% or more in their creativity due to mobile devices and technology, while 26% indicated a rise of over 50%. When asked about the positive influence of mobile devices and technology on career and skills development, 69% of Bangladeshi respondents reported significant advancements. In terms of gender-based inputs, 73% of women and 67% of men agreed they had gained remarkable advancement in their careers and skills development through technology. The people of Bangladesh are quick to adopt new technology. The use of point of sale (POS) machines has increased rapidly, primarily due to convenience offered by the internet. Most supermarket owners now use POS machine, as they save labor cost and enhance customer safety. This paper focuses on a sample taken from three major cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi. Research data analyses were conducted using variousmethods, including correlation R test, independent t-test, path coefficient, and Cronbach alfa test.

A comparative study of ﬁnancial behavior among Gen Z and Millennials

Aabha S. Singhvi, Komal Patil , Khushi Parihar — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper is a study about the behavior of Gen Z and Millennials done in Gujarat to study their preferences related to awareness about the financial avenues, their saving habits, and spending. A questionnaire was used in collecting a sample of 250 respondents. The statistical tools used are regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The research findings are that adults are “moderately” confident in their financial literacy; when it comes to investing and long-term financial planning, they have less confidence. Gen Z has access to online information but lacks financial world experience, while Millennials are better at saving and managing risk. These findings are important for financial institutions to target their customers, for educators to teach the unaware crowd, and for policymakers to promote it as a compulsory subject in schools for a better future generation so as to cultivate financial well-being among young Indian consumers.