BOHR Journal of Pharmaceutical Studies

Development and assessment of a polyherbal topical cream comprising Lantana camara, Piper betle, and Ocimum sanctum for antibacterial activity

Tue, 12 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The diminishing effectiveness of conventional antibiotics has led to increased interest in herbal alternatives for managing bacterial infections. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity in dermatology owing to their active constituents, minimal side effects, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. This investigation focused on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal topical cream using ethanol extracts of Lantana camara, Piper betle, and Ocimum sanctum (commonly known as Tulsi). The selected plant leaves were shade-dried and extracted via ethanol using a heating mantle method. The obtained extracts were then integrated into a cream base comprising stearic acid, beeswax, glycerine, propylene glycol, and necessary preservatives. The formulated cream underwent various physicochemical analyses such as pH evaluation, spreadability, stability testing, and antibacterial assessment using the agar well diffusion technique. The B3 and B5 batches showed significant inhibition zones of 14 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 20 mm against Escherichia coli, respectively. The antibacterial potential was tested against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gramnegative bacterium Escherichia coli. The novelty of this work lies in combining three well-known herbal extracts in a synergistic cream formulation with confirmed antibacterial effects and no observed skin irritation.

Beyond tumor eradication: how modern cancer research is reshaping survival and quality of life

Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research on cancer has long been interested in the effectiveness of treatments in terms of reducing tumor size and survival of the cancer patient. Although it is still quite important to make cancer tumors disappear, recent developments in cancer science and medicine have broadened the definition of success and shifted it more towards the patient. Nowadays, more emphasis is placed on the length of life of persons after cancer and their functioning and sensations regarding health than ever before. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and improved supportive care as new treatment approaches have enabled many individuals to live longer with controlled cancer but also raised new clinical and social problems. The long lives have resulted in new issues such as the persistent side effects, mental health challenges, financial issues, and inequality in the access to these new and improved treatments. The paper examines recent discoveries in cancer research and the way alterations in the treatment are transforming the meaning of having a longer life and how it is transforming the quality of life for people. It talks of the key breakthroughs in the field of immunetherapy and molecular science, how patients rate their health, what is known about living longer with cancer, and what is right and fair as changes to cancer treatment continue to occur.

Recent advances in psychiatric medicines: from rapid-acting antidepressants to precision psychiatry

Harish Babbar, P. S. Kirubhakaran, A. Ronnikka Shiny, Patil Amit Shekhar — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Psychiatric disorders represent a leading cause of global disease burden, with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders contributing substantially to disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Despite decades of pharmacological research, conventional psychiatric medicines, primarily monoaminergic antidepressants and dopamine receptor–based antipsychotics, remain limited by delayed onset of action, incomplete response rates, relapse, and significant adverse effects. Over the past decade, however, psychiatric drug development has entered a transformative phase marked by the emergence of rapid-acting antidepressants, neuroactive steroid modulators, novel receptor targets, psychedelic-assisted therapies, and precision-based approaches. This mini-review critically examines recent advances in psychiatric medicines, focusing on mechanistic innovations, clinical evidence, regulatory milestones, and translational challenges. Key developments include glutamatergic modulators such as ketamine and esketamine, GABAergic neuroactive steroids for postpartum depression, muscarinic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)-based antipsychotics, the resurgence of psychedelic research, advances in long-acting injectable formulations, and the integration of pharmacogenomics and biomarker-guided therapy. Collectively, these innovations signal a paradigm shift toward faster, more targeted, and individualized psychiatric treatment strategies.

Advanced targeted therapeutic strategies in metastatic breast cancer: from molecular drivers to clinical impact

K. Sriram, J. Jayasudha, H. Rajamohamed, B. Sriram — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains a key health problem and still causes most breast cancer deaths around the world, even after big gains in treatment. The varied biology of breast cancer has made clear how limited traditional chemo is and has sped up the move toward specific, tailored treatments. Today, treating MBC depends more than ever on understanding its molecular makeup to find key targets and weak points, such as estrogen receptor (ER) activity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway issues, DNA repair problems, and tumor markers. In recent times, the range of options for MBC has grown quickly with the addition of new types of drugs like selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR blockers, which have shown better results in slowing disease and, in certain groups, improving overall survival (OS). The new class of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) has been especially important, as they let doctors send very strong drugs straight to cancer cells, which has worked well in HER2-positive, low-HER2, and triple-negative types of MBC. Other recent advancements include PARP inhibitors for BRCA-related cancers, tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors for rare cancer-causing gene fusions, and immune-based methods such as checkpoint drugs, bispecific antibodies, and well-planned drug combos. Even with these gains, controlling the disease for a long time is still hard because of natural and learned resistance, side effects from treatment, how some drugs do not enter the brain well, and the ongoing lack of good choices for aggressive forms like triple-negative breast cancer. This short summary covers how advanced targeted medicines work at the molecular level in MBC, highlights key new findings and ongoing studies from 2023 to 2025, gives a brief view of selected patents, and shares real-world example cases to show the true effect of these advances. Finally, it discusses how resistance is forming and future directions for making treatment even better using molecular data.

Emerging trends in modern pharmaceutics: translational drug delivery systems, data-driven formulation design, and advanced manufacturing paradigms

K. Gobinath, C. Indhumathi, R. Sachitha, J. Selvapriya , S. Tanushree — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The field of pharmaceutics plays a decisive role in determining whether newly developed therapies ultimately succeed in real-world patient use. The rapid expansion of advanced therapeutic modalities, including nucleic acid-based medicines, antibody-drug conjugates, and highly potent small-molecule drugs, has clearly exposed the limitations of conventional formulation approaches. As a result, there is a growing need for sophisticated drug delivery systems, intelligent formulation design strategies, and flexible manufacturing technologies capable of accommodating complex molecular entities. In parallel, regulatory authorities are actively encouraging innovation through initiatives that promote continuous manufacturing and enhanced real-time quality control. Against this background, the present review examines current trends in pharmaceutics, with particular focus on lipid nanoparticle-based delivery platforms, antibody drug conjugates, artificial intelligence-assisted formulation development, additive manufacturing, and continuous processing. Importantly, the discussion is grounded in recent clinical trial outcomes and patent activity, illustrating how modern pharmaceutics serves as a critical link between laboratory research and clinical application.

Advanced analytical paradigms for cancer nanoparticles: integrative, translational, and regulatory-ready methodologies

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer nanotechnology has developed into a tremendous and tough area of research that will require significant understanding and knowledge to be achieved. Currently, the high number of anti-cancer drugs in nanoparticle research still fail during animal or early stages of clinical studies. This is now becoming the trend due to the lack of the appropriate perspective despite the existence of the biological dynamic system that has governed the interaction of the nanomolecules in the body. This paper therefore differs from the norm since it is presenting an in-depth evaluation regarding the factors to consider during the research on the evaluation of cancer nanomolecules. By combining strategies about what nanoparticles are like, how they react with cell surfaces, what they do in cells, how they function in live biological systems, and how they are evaluated with quality checks, this paper develops a guessable strategy for evaluating them. Unlike other reviews, this one presents the analysis techniques as tools that can help improve formulas, reduce the chance of human failure, and get ready for a change in regulators’ perceptions of these novel treatments. The paper looks at recent trends and new patents to show how difficult this analysis can be. Future researchers who want to develop useful cancer nanoparticle platforms can use this work as a guide.