BOHR International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

Democracy and electoral violence: Its implication on Nigeria’s political development process

Nchedo J. Oguine, Yahaya A. Adadu , Maxwell Loko — Thu, 03 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid expansion and standardization of democracy, often called the globalization of democracy, is rising. Developing nations like Nigeria embrace liberal democracy to foster development and ensure the well-being of their citizens within a framework of good governance, justice, and freedom. Elections are fundamental to advancing democracy, promoting political liberalization, and encouraging active political participation. Election, a critical postcolonial instrument of democracy, involves multiple candidates representing political parties and electorates whose participation through voting plays a pivotal role in selecting leaders or governments that reflect the interests of the broader population. Since Nigeria’s independence, numerous general elections have been conducted; however, they have often been marred by violence, leading to election malpractice and outcomes that are neither free nor fair. These challenges have hindered the country’s primary goal of democratization. Election-related violence has frequently undermined the aspirations of citizens for good governance. Adopting a desk-review method, the paper examines the causes and consequences of electoral violence in Nigeria’s contemporary democratic epoch. Some data from reports and articles are presented in tables, and findings are discussed. Based on the findings, the study recommends that political officeholders be selected based on the outstanding leadership traits of the contestants and not sentiments; political actors’ utterances must be guided; and swiftly resolving election-related legal disputes before the inauguration is imperative. Also, consequential electoral reforms should be adopted, such as the government providing funds to enhance credible data availability.

Analysis on the inﬂuence of mental health education on career development planning for economics and management college students

Siyu Yang, Chi Zhou — Thu, 29 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

As a mainstay of society, college students’ mental health and career development plans complement each other and jointly determine their future development. The mental health status of college students affects their current learning tasks and also has a certain impact on their physical health. Career planning is a setting for every college student’s future, which is related to their future employment development and prospects, and the level of achievement, which has a great impact on their deep self-analysis and self-development. Due to the concept that career planning and mental health are interdependent, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between career development planning and the mental health of college students based on the group of college students in economics and management. This analysis makes students’ career planning and mental more healthy and sustainable. Specifically, this study uses the questionnaire survey method to collect data from 386 economics and management college students and conducts empirical analysis with the help of tools like Excel and Credamo. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the mental health level and the career planning level of these students. However, the major satisfaction of students has no significant correlation with their mental health and career planning levels. Therefore, it is suggested that society should create a good atmosphere for college students’ career planning and mental health education. Colleges and universities need to carry out mental health education at specific stages, combine it with the employment environment and situation, and optimize the education to highlight the principal position of students. At the same time, students themselves should also actively participate in self-exploration and self-improvement activities to enhance their self-awareness and the ability to plan their careers.

Collection development in the era of information technology

Yogesh Sharma, Avantika Singh — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The information society refers to today’s society, which is characterized by an increasing importance of information. ICT is a broad term that covers a wide range of activities related to the collection, storage, transmission, retrieval, and processing of information. Both the traditional role of libraries and the traditional creation process have changed as a result of the ICT trend. Globally, digital resources include encyclopedias, essays, papers, e-books, periodicals, websites, and more. Digitalization has also had an impact on capital achievement and conservation.

The role of theory in sociological research

Anchita Sen, Munmun Jha — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Typically, theories are known to aim at explaining things. Similarly, theories, in social sciences, specifically sociology, make attempts at explaining the order in which the social world operates. There has been a belief that a theory has to make a claim to reason in order to be called a theory. In the context of sociology, as Jeffrey Alexander rightly puts it, a claim to reason essentially indicates that the theory takes a perspective on society that is extensive and general, as compared to the lifeworld of the theorist or their immediate social surroundings. Speaking of sociological theory, especially in the Indian context, it has been a loosely defined field of intellectual activity. To elaborate its role in research then, this article would start with plotting sociological theories in the larger map of social science theories, its application from its birth to the present times, and provide examples to back up the same. It would also touch upon the important aspect of how sociological theory, while speaking of the social world, is very different from the common-sensical knowledge that is held about the same. Having said this it, however, does not mean to imply that sociological theory has to prove itself to be something entirely esoteric. What needs to be remembered is that sociology, although different from the natural sciences and common-sensical knowledge, had its roots in the same. It just grew out of there and has been growing from there, on its own, ever since.

Knowledge, perception and prevention of cholera among students in selected secondary schools in Okigwe Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

Madu Queen, Ogadinma Ikonne, Njoku Joel — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cholera mainly spreads when people eat food or drink water that is contaminated with the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. This study looked into what secondary school students in the Okigwe Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria, know about cholera, how they view it, and the preventive steps they take. Researchers used a survey method, handing out structured questionnaires to 371 students from eight different schools. Data from the study shows that most students linked cholera spread mainly to poor hygiene, around 82% of them. Handwashing came up too as a big preventive method; about 58% saw it that way. But about half of the students didn’t think that eating street food could make them sick with cholera. A lot of students knew the basics about cholera, but there are still big gaps in their knowledge, especially when it comes to how food can spread the disease. The study suggests that schools should improve their sanitation systems and start health education programs that are specific to certain groups. It also calls for more campaigns to raise awareness about how to stay safe, such as avoiding unsafe water and knowing the risks of eating street food. By addressing these knowledge gaps through focused information sessions on safe eating practices and hands-on demonstrations of water purification, cholera cases could be greatly reduced and overall students’ health enhanced.

Demographic dividends and indices of socio-economic progress of India

Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty — Mon, 13 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Economic and social transformations of a country depend heavily on population age structure and its growth dynamics along with the impact on policies adopted and the generation of opportunities. The paper describes major socio-economic-demographic consequences of India based on changing demography with emphasis on measurement aspects of demographic dividends (DV) and suggests indices like active participation index (API), comprehensive e-participation index (CEPI), and index of participation rate of females (IFLFPR) combining relevant chosen indicators in ratio or ordinal scales. The proposed indices reflecting the social, economic, and political effectiveness of the country across time and space satisfy desired properties and enable parametric statistical analysis. The linear regression equation of IFLFPR on the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country and the regression of DV on IFLFPR show effect of female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) on socio-economic growth. A country needs to focus on the factors that can foster the progress during the transition from favorable workingage population (WAP) to an increasing share of elderly population. WAP of India with a rising trend of income and educational attainments empowers the citizens to participate in e-participation and active participation in the economic, social, and political effectiveness of the country. Attempts can be made to estimate the required net birth rate, ensuring WAP is around 59%, and initiate policies accordingly.