Modern Advancement in Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Cancer

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide with hundred types of cancer that affect humans. The most spreading cancer globally is breast, prostate, lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers and nonmelanoma skin malignancies. Early detection of these transformations in the cell can improve the prognosis of cancer cases. Oncological screening and methods include ultrasound, MRI, digital mammography, CT scan, and magnetic resistance spectroscopy. Other techniques such as immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and micro-array are used for the diagnosis of cancer. Precision medicine is currently the subject of extensive research for the benefit of cancer therapy in the future. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy are the most often administered treatments to patients. The greatest treatment for cancer is also a stem cell transplantation, but it must come after less effective treatments to prevent blood loss and restore the patient’s health. The nanoparticles have been considered the best tumour-targeting vehicle. The recent nano-scale vehicles including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nano-shells, and dendrimers have been used as conjugates.