Herpesvirus-associated encephalitis: A literature review with an update on pathophysiology and treatment

Abstract

This article is dedicated to novel insights in the concept of herpesvirus-associated encephalitis (HAE) pathogenesis and treatment, obtained via performing a literature review of the publications within 2018-2024. Herein, we emphasize the gene’s role in neuroinfection manifestation and outcome, especially such pathways as RIPK3, Fas/FasL, mTORC2, TRIF, TLR3, and Stat1. Additionally, significant attention was given to the molecular mechanisms of immune cell interactions and histopathological changes in the brain tissue under the circumstances of neuroinflammation. We also suppose studying the peculiarities of neurotransmitter exchange during HAE to be a perspective direction of future research, since it may expand understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition. Furthermore, we considered up-to-date options of the disease management, particularly the superiorities of using monoclonal antibody-based drugs such as HDIT101 and HDIT102. The article includes two tables, where the information regarding recent achievements in studying the pathogenesis and treatment network of HAE is summarized.