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Authors

Antonio L. Rappa

Abstract

Democracy in the Philippines is a superficial form of government. On the surface, the Philippines’s democracy has a popularly elected president who is both the Head of Government (HOG) and the Head of State (HOS). Chief executive and commander in chief are two phrases that are commonly used to describe the President of the Republic of the Philippines. The paper explains why liberal democracy poses a problem for Southeast Asian states in late modernity. It uses a seven-question democratic framework to determine the existence of democracy in Southeast Asia.

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Section
Methods